猜词

猜词

1) 构词法猜词(前三条来自知乎)

根据生词的词汇构成推测单词词义。1复合词:两个或两个以上的单词组合在一起形成的新单词，推测词义时往往从一个词的成分开始入手，将词义进行组合。 例如:eyesore即难看的东西、rediscover为重新找到。2派生词:指在词根上加入词缀形成的新单词，猜测词义时要将词根和词缀相结合进行猜测。通常情况下派生词中的前缀只改变词义并不改变词性，如 logical (合理的 adj.) 加上前缀 il-形成新词 illogical (不合理的 adj.)。也存在词义词性都改变的情况，如 rich (富有的 adj.) 派生词 enrich (使富有 v.)。后缀则使单词的词性词义都发生改变，如:short (短的 adj.) 派生词 shortage (缺点 n.)，所以掌握常见的前缀后缀是十分必要的。

(2) 语境猜词

一篇文章中，词汇、语句、段落间都有着必然的逻辑关系，学生在阅读时要联系上下文通过语境来推测词汇的含义。语境猜词一般可分为以下几种:

1定义猜词: 生词的上下文中对生词做出了相应解释。写作时为了帮助读者充分理解文章作者一般用 or、that is、in other words、同位语等对生词的定义作出解释帮助读者理解。如：It was then classified as a dwarf, or small, planet. (Skillful Reading & Writing level 3, P29) 此句中dwarf为生词，or后的small即是对生词的解释，所以dwarf planet指的是小行星。

2通过同义词、反义词进行猜词: 作者除了用定义法对生词进行解释外，通常还会采用同义词、反义词的方式对生词进行解释，如文章中出现and, similarly则之后进行的同义解释，而出现 but, however则之后进行的为反义解释。如：Most children enjoy watching fireworks, but my son is an exception. (Skillful Reading & Writing level 4, P38)，通过but后转折可以看出我的儿子不喜欢看烟火，他与大多数孩子有所不同，所以此处exception是指“例外”。

3举例猜词:文章中的例子一般会对上下文中的某些词汇做出解释。因为一般在文章中出现了较难解释或相对抽象的单词后，为了更加清楚地将单词解释清楚，作者一般会通过举例子为读者提供语言线索。如：Some costumes also have an emblem, such as Superman’s S or the 4 for members of the Fantastic Four. (Skillful Reading & Writing level 2, P12)通过后面所举的例子，即超人衣服身上S和神奇四侠衣服上4的图案，不难猜出emblem指的是“标志，徽章”。

下面来自双语报

They are easy to experience “earworms”---involuntary musical imagery” .It is a condition where a song or tune will replay over and over in our mind

“earworm ““耳鸣”

(3) 标点符号猜词: 一些生词的含义会通过相关的符号传递线索，如破折号、小括号、逗号、冒号等都具有解释前面单词的作用。如:The group was not successful because there was no unity amongst its members——they were always disagreeing. (Skillful Reading & Writing level 3, P8) 此句中unity为生词，破折号后的内容即为对生词的解释，成员之间总是有分歧，说明组里面没有达成一致，所以unity的含义为“团结，一致”。

Then they use ployomnography (psg)—a comprehensive text of sleep---to record the participnts’s brain waves ,heart rates,breathing and more while they were sleeping .

ployomnography—“睡眠的一种综合测试“(32 C)

4 上文猜词

If I am anxiously waiting for an important telephone call or in writer’s block with a tight deadline, I will unavoidably rearrange my record collection ‘tide my desk or clear up sheets of paper dotted around my office . It is sometimes the most relaxed time I feel all day. I bet I ‘m not alone in this.

What does the underlined word “this “in paragraph 1 refer to ?

A .Clearing up the desk before leaving the office.

B .Calling for help when facing writer’s block

C. Drawing some comfort from some simple tasks. （难，概括）

D. Appreciating music while writing a paper

特别是下一段基本全是解释：

Psychologists suggest there are many optional mechanisms that might explain the perfect pleasure of puttering . (下面是作用)At the most superficial level, puttering may be meaningful especially when we are in a situation where we fell stressed and helpless .That is because puttering around in the kitchen for instance occupies the mind . In this way we devote time and effort to things which are within our grasp instead of those bothering us.(32.D)

再如：

Doll play can offer kids the opportunity to emulate scenes and interactions from their daily lives as children are good at following others’ examples and doing what they see their parents ,teachers or friends say and do.

33 What does the underlined word “emulate” in paragraph 3 probably mean ?

A .Copy B . Avoid C . Forget D . witness

下面划线的就是解释，也是答案。（31D）

下面是来自30期报纸第三篇

Researchers then developed an approach ----HINDSIGHT ，which uses neural networks to record the descriptions of objects as the car passes them. It then processes the information and stores it on a virtual map ,like memories kept in a human brain. The next time the self-driving car passes the same the location ,it can consult the database of LiDAR points along the route and help the car retrieve what it learned last time

30 Which of the following can replace the underlined word “retrieve “in paragraph 3 ?

A .skip B . replace C .recall D .remove

（1期）From the heartland to urban parks , there was a time when baseball was the only game in the summer holidays .But with competition from other sports like soccer ,baseball is not as prevalent as it used to be .

Which can replace the underlined word “prevalent”in paragraph 1?

A .Challenging B .complicated C .popular D .competitive.

以前棒球是唯一的游戏，后来随着其它活动的兴起，它不再像以前那样“流行“了。

（2期）After graduation, I continued my education on success ,branching out into other extreme high achievers,. What became apparent to me in the course of the research is that the mindset of a Nobel Prize-winning scientist is analogous that of an Olympic champion or an astronaut .On this basis ,it indicates that if their mindsets are shared across fields in this way ,then success becomes a skill that can be learned ,going far beyond optional talent.

What does the underlined part “is analogous”in paragraph 2 mean most probably ?

A is fit for B is useful for C is contrary to D is similar to

(3期) Suryanarayan hopes Sea Combine will make seaweed cheaper ,so seaweed can be more widely used in other fields, like biofuel .Doing this won’t cripple local livelihoods ,as village cooperatives could rent the machinery , allowing them to farm a larger area and get better harvest.

What does the underlined word “cripple” in paragraph 4 mean ?

A give way to B. cause harm to C keep pace to D . take advantage of

(4期) “It is a great idea ,”says study auther Chuan He .Plants don’t have an FTO-equivalent protein ,says He .The chemist suspects that plants usually keep growth strictly to prevent any one molecule from wreaking havoc on a plant’s functions.

What does the underlined part “wreaking havoc”in paragraph 4 mean ?` `

A causing harm to B adding up to C taking advantage of

D putting up with

(5期)

Using other online platforms , I created interactive lessons with other teachers, in which students practiced reading and reading specific words ,reading full sentences and answering corresponding comprehension questions. The platforms enabled us to see all students’ screen at once and gauge which students were on target and needed additional support.

What does the underlined word “gauge”in paragraph 4 mean ?

A sort out B leave out C rely on D turn down

(6期)

I sat there, imagining his returning in uncontrolled anger and giving a lengthy speech about mu stupidity .Moments later ,Joe walked in with two cups of tea and sat down .He didn’t reprove me for the mistake.

what does the underlined word “reprove” in paragraph 4 mean ?

A forgive B report C blame D move

(7期)

At that time ,elevators that operated on a cable system were considered treacherous because of if the ropes broke ,the elevator would fall fast and things on it could be damaged .More importantly passengers on it would be killed by the fall.

What does the underlined part “treacherous”in paragraph 2 mean most probably ?

A unnecessary B old fashioned C mysterious D insecure

(8期)

American illustration changed dramatically .Pictures that Norman Rockwell created by oil paint on canvas were gradually superseded by photo illustrations .Today illustrators are able to make pictures with computers to put in magazines that arrive on the Internet .Digital images and electronic art are more and more popular.

What does the underlined part “superseded”in paragraph 1 mean most probably ?

A identified B replaced C reserved D presented

(9期)

Children are capable of discerning an insincere apology from the way it is done .Therefore when it comes to apology ,it is necessary to make it clear that someone understands why what he did is wrong .

What does the underlined part “diecorning”in paragraph 5 mean most probably ?

A conveying B expecting C sharing D identifying

(10期)

The same gene that codes for heat tolerance might also make coral more susceptible to a particular disease .for instance ,more likely to fail reproductively.

What does the underlined part “suscptible”in paragraph 2 mean most probably ?

A familiar B essential C sensitive D harmful

(11期)

However ,most of the hand and foot bones are missing .None of them were duplicate bones ,supporting the conclusion that they came from a single individual.

What does the underlined part duplicate in paragraph 4 mean most probably ?

A broken B delicate C identical(同一的，完全相同的) D strong

（12期）

The periodic movements of heavenly bodies across the sky told our ancestors when to hunt for certain foods and plant crops, and how to navigate the oceans .Less than a century ago , everyone could look up and see a starry sky .That is no longer veracious again. Widespread urban light pollution has made it hard to see more a handful of stars in many cities around the world..

What does the underlined part veracious in paragraph 1 mean most probably ?

A true B alone C troublesome D complicated

(13期)

such findings about so-called “enclothed cognition” mostly from small studies in the laboratory that have not yet been investigated or verified in the real world .

What does the underlined part verified in paragraph 3 mean most probably ?

A shared B assessed C opposed D confirmed

(14期)

Berg believes the research can help predict success in creative work .Meanwhile ,he warns that a completely data-driven approach may be spurious because he only look at data up to 2010 and the research may not reflect current music trends.

What does the underlined part spurious in paragraph 3 mean most probably ?

A advanced B inaccurate C unnecessary D complicated

(15期)

Dalvin Brown ,a personal tech reporter at the wall street Journal ,writes ,”smart lights can do a lot more than dim and change colors .And they don’t have to look like ordinary bulbs anymore .As we spent more time at home during the pandemic ,many of us sought out new lights to ameliorate the overall atmosphere at home or provide the right atmosphere for our family movie nights .

What does the underlined part ameliorate in paragraph 3 mean most probably ?

A hide B prove C improve D remove

(16期)

Some dolphins even pull leather corals from the seabed, hold them in their mouths and wave them around until a yellow and green substance oozes out and stains their bodies.

What does the underlined part oozes out in paragraph 2 mean most probably ?

A is replaced B is released C is purified D is disturbed

(17期)

While relevant technology is being used in ocean research and environmental monitoring , the archaeological world has been slow to adopt it .It started in the military ,like most of these advanced technologies.”I served in the US Navy for 30 years ,and I had access to lots of technologies that slowly leaked out .The social sciences tend to straggle in adopting new technologies because it is not their strength.”said Ballard

What does the underlined part straggle in paragraph 4 mean most probably ?

A drop behind B succeed C back off D participate

(18期）

Computer -generated human faces are so convincing that they can fool even trained observers .They can be easily download ed online and used for identify theft and fake social media profiles . We should be concerned because these synthetic faces are incredibly effective for some nefarious usage ,like telephone fraud and evil propaganda .(宣传）

What does the underlined part nefarious in paragraph 4 mean most probably ?

A practical B popular C reliable D illegal