英读廊——为什么人们怕冷怕热的程度不同？

* 用英语自身来理解和学习英语是最好的方式，《英读廊》是《满庭说英语》中的拓展阅读系列，这一系列的文章力求帮助大家在英语阅读能力上有所提升，并树立英语思维；
* 推荐的阅读的方法是：先原文，适当看解析阅读，还有疑惑再看双语对照。
* 解析中英语单词的音标使用Dictcom和IPA双音标标注，如果需要了解Dictcom音标，请参看我们的《dictionary.com所用的音标体系》一文。
* 本篇文章难度系数9.6，由《小仙英语伴读》人工智能难度分析系统提供评分。

#英语思维#

#英语#

【编者按】今天有不少有趣的概念和词汇，不过注意，我们还是主要在于英语学习。

Why are there 'hot people' and 'cold people'?
【译】为什么会有“热人”和“冷人”？
【单词】hot [hot][hɒt] adj. 热的

Like the people who are perpetually too hot or too cold.
【译】就像那些永远太热或太冷的人。
【单词】perpetually [per-'pech-oo-uh-lee][pə'petʃuəli] adv. 持久地；永恒地

Like my father (54m) and I (19f) often complain about the house being too hot and we're also more immune to cold weather while my mother (55f) will always be wearing several layers around the house while my father and I are sitting around in shorts.
【译】就像我的父亲（54岁）和我（19岁女）经常抱怨房子太热，我们对寒冷的天气也有更强的免疫力，而我的母亲（55岁）总是穿着几层衣服在房子周围走动，而我和父亲则穿着短裤围坐。
【单词】complain [kuhm-'pleyn][kəm'pleɪn] vi. 抱怨；控诉；诉说
【单词】immune [ih-'myoon][ɪ'mjuːn] adj. 免疫的；免除的
【单词】weather ['weth-er]['weðə] n. 天气；气象
【单词】wearing 原型：wear [wair][weə] v. 穿戴
【单词】layers 原型：layer ['ley-er]['leɪə] n. 层
【单词】sitting 原型：sit [sit][sɪt] v. 坐；栖息

Perhaps the main reason is the amount of brown fat a person has.
【译】也许最主要的原因是一个人有多少棕色脂肪。
【单词】brown [broun][braʊn] adj. 棕色的；褐色的
【单词】fat [fat][fæt] n. 脂肪；肥肉

Brown fat metabolizes stored energy quickly when you are cold.
【译】棕色脂肪在寒冷时迅速代谢储存的能量。
【单词】metabolizes [muh-'tab-uh-lahyz][mə'tæbəlaɪz] vt. (使)产生代谢变化
【单词】stored 原型：store [stawr, stohr][stɔː] vt. 储存；贮藏；保存

A person lacking much brown fat will feel cold much more easily.
【译】缺乏棕色脂肪的人更容易感到寒冷。

And the presence of brown fat is a genetic/developmental thing, not determined by diet.
【译】棕色脂肪的存在是遗传/发育的问题，而不是由饮食决定的。
【单词】presence ['prez-uhns]['prezns] n. 出席；存在；到场；【生】存在度
【单词】determined 原型：determine [dih-'tur-min][dɪ'tɜːmɪn] v. 决定；决心；确定；测定
【单词】diet ['dahy-it]['daɪət] n. 日常食物；规定饮食

This is along with the general differences in volume and surface area.
【译】这与体积和表面积的一般差异也有关。
【单词】surface ['sur-fis]['sɜːfɪs] n. 表面；外表；平面 adj. 表面的

A fatter person will have noticeably more volume than a skinnier one, but only slightly more surface area.
【译】一个肥胖的人比一个瘦的人会有明显的体积差别，但只是稍微多一点表面积。
【单词】fatter 原型：fat 形容词比较级，更胖的
【单词】noticeably ['noh-ti-suh-buhl]['nəʊtɪsəbli] adv. 显著地；明显地
【单词】skinnier ['skin-ee]['skɪni] adj. 皮包骨头的；很瘦的

【单词】slightly [slahyt]['slaɪtli] adv. 些微地；稍微；瘦小地

Heat transfer occurs according to surface area, but total thermal energy stored is dependent on volume.
【译】热传递是根据表面积进行的，但总储存的热能取决于体积。
【短语】according to ... 根据，按照，取决于，据…所说；例句：But, these sites are not without risk, according to the report. 但是根据报告，这些网站并不是没有风险。
【单词】Heat 原型：heat [heet][hiːt] n. 热度；热
【单词】transfer ['trans-fer][træns'fɜː] n. 迁移；移动
【单词】occurs 原型：occur [uh-'kur][ə'kɜː] vi. 发生；存在；出现
【单词】according 原型：accord [uh-'kawrd][ə'kɔːd] v. 与...一致；给予
【单词】thermal ['thur-muhl]['θɜːml] adj. 热的；热量的；保热的
【单词】dependent [dih-'pen-duhnt][dɪ'pendənt] adj. 依靠的；依赖的；从属的

This means skinny people lose heat more rapidly.
【译】这意味着瘦的人散热更快。
【单词】lose [looz][luːz] vt. 丢失；削减；亏损
【单词】rapidly ['rap-id]['ræpɪdli] adv. 迅速地；很快地

You're right about the function of brown fat, but there's very little evidence that this is why adults experience heat and cold differently.
【译】你对棕色脂肪的功能描述是正确的，但是很少有证据表明这就是为什么成年人对热和冷有不同的感受。
【单词】function ['fuhngk-shuh n]['fʌŋkʃn] n. 功能
【单词】adults 原型：adult [uh-'duhlt, 'ad-uhlt]['ædʌlt] n. 成年人；成年动物
【单词】differently ['dif-er-uhnt-lee, 'dif-ruhnt‐]['dɪfrəntli] adv. 不同地

Adults, in general, possess very little brown fat.
【译】一般来说，成年人的棕色脂肪很少。
【单词】possess [puh-'zes][pə'zes] vt. 拥有；持有；支配

The culprit is more likely to do with:
【译】（是否怕冷的）起因更可能与：
【单词】culprit ['kuhl-prit]['kʌlprɪt] n. 罪犯；起因

Thyroid function: if you produce very little thyroid hormone, then you will feel more cold.
【译】甲状腺功能：如果你产生很少的甲状腺激素，那么你会感到更冷。
【单词】thyroid ['thahy-roid]['θaɪrɔɪd] n. 甲状腺 adj. 甲状腺的
【单词】hormone ['hawr-mohn]['hɔːməʊn] n. 荷尔蒙；激素

If you produce at the higher end, you will feel warm more often (and you will also be skinnier - which seems to speak more to what OP experiences).
【译】如果你身体产生的（）甲状腺激素）比较多，你会更经常感到温暖（你也会更瘦——这似乎更能说明什么楼主的体验是那样的）。
【单词】warm [wawrm][wɔːm] adj. 温暖的；暖和的
【专有名词】OP 发帖者，楼主，是Original Poster的简称

Iron: People with lower iron have a harder time delivering oxygen-rich blood to peripheral tissue.
【译】铁：铁含量低的人很难将富氧血液输送到外围组织。
【单词】iron ['ahy-ern]['aɪən] n. 铁
【单词】delivering 原型：deliver [dih-'liv-er][dɪ'lɪvə] v. 递送；交付
【单词】oxygen-rich ['ɒksɪdʒənr'ɪtʃ] n. 多氧
【单词】peripheral [puh-'rif-er-uhl][pə'rɪfərəl] adj. 外围的；不重要的
【单词】tissue ['tish-oo]['tɪʃuː] n. (生物的)组织

Women frequently have anemia at rates much higher than men, and women more frequently experience cold-intolerance as well.
【译】女性贫血的发生率往往比男性高得多，女性也更容易出现不耐寒冷的情况。
【短语】as well 也（相当于too）；同样地；还不如；此外；例句：We should stick to the principles and be flexible as well. 既要有原则性， 也要有灵活性。
【单词】frequently ['free-kwuhnt-lee]['friːkwəntli] adv. 频繁地；经常地
【单词】anemia [uh-'nee-mee-uh][ə'niːmiːə] n. 贫血；贫血症

【单词】intolerance [in-'tol-er-uhns][ɪn'tɒlərəns] n. 偏执；不宽容；无法忍受

Circulation: hear rate, blood pressure, blood lipids/cholesterol, and blood sugar all impact circulation and the ability of your blood to perfuse peripheral tissue.
【译】循环：心率、血压、血脂/胆固醇和血糖都会影响血液循环和血液灌注外周组织的能力。
【单词】circulation [sur-kyuh-'ley-shuhn][ˌsɜːkjə'leɪʃn] n. 流通；循环
【单词】sugar ['shoo g-er]['ʃʊɡə] n. 糖
【单词】impact [im-'pakt]['ɪmpækt] n. 影响
【单词】ability [uh-'bil-i-tee][ə'bɪləti] n. 能力；才能
【单词】perfuse [per-'fyooz][pə'fjuːz] vt. 洒遍；撒满；撒布

If your circulation is poor, you will have greater cold intolerance.
【译】如果你的血液循环不好，你会更加不耐寒冷。

Weight, metabolism, and circulation could all be factors.
【译】体重、新陈代谢和循环都可能是影响因素。
【单词】weight [weyt][weɪt] n. 重量；体重
【单词】metabolism [muh-'tab-uh-liz-uhm][mə'tæbəlɪzəm] n. 新陈代谢
【单词】factors 原型：factor ['fak-ter]['fæktə] n. 因素；因数；因子

Having more adipose tissue would increase insulation of heat in your body, which also makes it more difficult for your body to release sweat through your skin in order to thermoregulate.
【译】拥有更多的脂肪组织会增加体内热量的隔离性，这也会使你的身体更难通过皮肤释放汗液来调节体温。
【用法】in order to 意为“为了……”，表示目的；在用法和意义上相当于so as to结构，但是in order to结构可以用于句首、句中，而so as to多用于句中。其否定式分别为：in order not to 和so as not to。in order to在句中表示目的时，常可以转化成in order that。如：We should work hard in order to pass the exam.=We should work hard in order that we can pass the exam.
【单词】adipose ['ad-uh-pohs]['ædɪpəʊs] n. 脂肪
【单词】insulation [in-suh-'ley-shuhn][ˌɪnsju'leɪʃn] n. 【物】绝缘（体）；隔离；孤立
【单词】release [ri-'lees][rɪ'liːs] vt. 释放
【单词】sweat [swet][swet] n. 汗水
【单词】thermoregulate [θɜːməʊ'regjʊleɪt] v. (使)经受温度(尤指体温) 调节

Factors that affect metabolism include stress, mood, blood sugar, hormones (such as cortisol , estrogen, growth hormone, and thyroid hormone, all of which alter your metabolic mechanisms and generally increase body temperature at higher levels), and certain medications.
【译】影响新陈代谢的因素包括压力、情绪、血糖、激素（如皮质醇、雌激素、生长激素和甲状腺激素，所有这些都会改变你的代谢机制，通常会使体温升高到较高水平），以及某些药物。
【短语】such as 比如，例如；例句：I know many of them, such as John, Peter, and Tom. 我认识他们当中的很多人，例如约翰、彼得和汤姆。
【单词】affect [verb uh-'fekt; noun 'af-ekt][ə'fekt] vt. 影响；感动；作用
【单词】stress [stres][stres] n. 压力；强调
【单词】mood [mood][muːd] n. 心情；情绪；气氛
【单词】hormones 原型：hormone ['hawr-mohn]['hɔːməʊn] n. 荷尔蒙；激素
【单词】cortisol ['kawr-tuh-sawl, -sohl]['kɔːtɪsɒl] n. ［生］皮质(甾)醇
【单词】estrogen ['es-truh-juhn]['iːstrədʒən] n. 雌激素
【单词】alter ['awl-ter]['ɔːltə] v. 改变；更改
【单词】metabolic [met-uh-'bol-ik][ˌmetə'bɒlɪk] adj. 新陈代谢的
【单词】mechanisms 原型：mechanism ['mek-uh-niz-uhm]['mekənɪzəm] n. 机制；原理
【单词】temperature ['tem-per-uh-cher]['temprətʃə] n. 气温；体温；温度
【单词】medications 原型：medication [med-i-'key-shuhn][ˌmedɪ'keɪʃn] n. 药物；医药

Also, men often tend to have better peripheral circulation.
【译】而且，男性的外周血循环往往更好。
【用法】tend to表示“朝某方向；趋向；偏重”，后面接动词原形。如：We tend to make mistakes when we do things in a hurry.忙中不免出错。
【单词】tend [tend][tend] v. 趋向；易于；朝向 v. 照料；照管

More blood circulates through their extremities, through the hands, legs, and feet, while women have poorer peripheral circulation with more blood concentrated in the central area.
【译】更多的血液通过四肢、手、腿和脚循环，而女性的外周循环较差，更多的血液集中在中心区域。
【单词】circulates 原型：circulate ['sur-kyuh-leyt]['sɜːkjəleɪt] vi. 流通；循环；传播
【单词】extremities 原型：extremity [ik-'strem-i-tee][ɪk'streməti] n. 极端；极度；尽头 (复)extremities: 四肢；手足.
【单词】legs 原型：leg [leg][leɡ] n. 腿
【单词】feet 原型：foot [foo t][fʊt] n. 脚
【单词】concentrated 原型：concentrate ['kon-suhn-treyt]['kɒnsntreɪt] v. 专心；集中；浓缩

Women also tend to have more surface area in general than men, again leading to quicker release of sweat and therefore heat.
【译】一般来说，女性的体表面积也比男性大，这同样会导致汗液和热量的更快释放。
【单词】quicker 原型：quick 形容词比较级 [kwik][kwɪk] adj. 迅速的；快的；机敏的 adv. 迅速地；快

This means women normally tend to feel colder than men, especially in the hands and feet.
【译】这意味着女性通常比男性感觉更冷，尤其是手和脚。
【单词】normally ['nawr-muh-lee]['nɔːməli] adv. 通常；正常地

Certain conditions and nutritional deficiencies could also alter body temperature and metabolism, such as iron-deficiency or anemia, which is common in menstruating women and decreases perfusion of oxygen through the body, which leads to feeling cold.
【译】某些情况和营养不足也会改变体温和新陈代谢，如缺铁或贫血，这在月经期妇女中很常见，会减少通过身体的氧气含量，从而导致感觉寒冷。
【单词】conditions 原型：condition [kuh n-'dish-uh n][kən'dɪʃn] n. 条件；情况
【单词】nutritional [noo-'trish-uhn, nyoo-][nju'trɪʃənl] adj. 营养的；滋养的
【单词】deficiencies 原型：deficiency [dih-'fish-uhn-see][dɪ'fɪʃnsi] n. 缺乏；不足；缺陷；缺点
【单词】iron-deficiency ['aɪəndɪf'ɪʃnsɪ] 缺铁性
【单词】menstruating ['men-stroo-eyt, -streyt]['menstrueɪt] vi. 行经；月经来潮
【单词】decreases 原型：decrease [dih-'krees][dɪ'kriːs] v. 减少；减小；降低
【单词】perfusion [per-'fyoo-zhuhn][pə'fjuːʒən] n. 灌注；充满
【单词】oxygen ['ok-si-juhn]['ɒksɪdʒən] n. 氧；氧气

Any conditions or medications that alter the function of the hypothalamus, which controls thermoregulation, could also lead to temperature changes.
【译】任何改变下丘脑（控制体温调节）功能的情况或药物都可能导致体温变化。
【单词】hypothalamus [hahy-puh-'thal-uh-muhs][ˌhaɪpə'θæləməs] n. [医]丘脑下部；下丘脑
【单词】thermoregulation [thur-moh-reg-yuh-'ley-shuhn][ˌθɜːməʊˌregjʊ'leɪʃən] n. 温度调节

Hope this helped!
【译】希望这些有所帮助！